Seven Types of Atheism

Prof.  John Gray.

My concurrence with Samuel Huntington’s book title, “Clash of Civilizations,” although not necessarily with the book’s content, holds some relevance in this context. I contend that there exists a clash between two civilizations. However, the clash is not as theorized by Huntington, but rather between a civilization that upholds moral integrity, possesses spiritual richness, and brings about benefits for all of humanity through divine guidance and prophetic traditions, and a civilization that is founded upon racism, dehumanization, and, most importantly, moral corruption. The individuals examined in this study, as presented by Aljunied, must acknowledge the fact that complete equality among individuals may not be attainable, but through the implementation of Divine laws and traditions, a sense of equality can be established.

READ REVIEW